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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.1 The human population explosion

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How long have humans been on earth?	the modern form of humans have been around for about 200,000 years
When did human evolution begin?	human evolution began in Africa around 7 million years ago when a now extinct ancestral ape population split and gave rise to the chimpanzee and bonobo family trees, and the hominin or human family tree
What is biodiversity?	a measure of the variety of all the different species within an ecosystem
What is the effect of biodiversity on an ecosystem?	a high biodiversity ensures the stability of an ecosystem
Why does a high biodiversity ensure the stability of an ecosystem?	• it reduces the dependence of one species on another for food, shelter, and maintenance of the physical environment • with few species in an ecosystem, the removal of one can have a dramatic effect on the ecosystem • with many species in an ecosystem, the removal of one can be filled by one or more other species in the ecosystem
What is the human impact on biodiversity?	human activity is reducing diversity at an alarming rate
How has the human population changed over time?	for thousands of years, world population remained relatively small in the last 200 years, the world population has grown rapdily and dramatically in 2015, the human population passed 7 billion the current human population is 7.9 billion in 2030 it is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2050 it is expected to reach 9.8 billion in 2100 it is expected to reach 11.2 billion
What happens if other species than humans increased suddenly and dramatcially?	nature would restore the balance
How could nature restore the balance when the number of a species grows rapidly	• predators • lack of food • build up of waste products • disease
Why have these factors not kept the human population in check?	• predators - humans have no natural predators left in any numbers and can defend ourselves against the few there are • lack of food - humans have learnt to grow large quantities of food through modern agricultural techniques and technology • build up of waste products - humans have learnt to dispose of waste to maintain high levels of hygiene • disease - modern medicine has been able to treat and prevent many diseases very effectively
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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.2 Land and water pollution

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.3 Air pollution

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.4 Deforestation and peat destruction

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.5 Global warming

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.6 The impact of change (single science only)

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.7 Maintaining biodiversity

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.8 Trophic levels and biomass (single science only)

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.9 Biomass transfers (single science only)

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.10 Factors affecting food security (single science only)

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.11 Making food production efficient (single science only)

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B18 Biodiversity and ecosystems

B18.12 Sustainable food production (single science only)

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